马来西亚报告

阿齐祖汀·阿玛德 马来西亚全国青年理事会理事长助理

　背景
　　马来西亚计划到2020年建设成为发达国家, 而马来西亚青年在实现这个宏伟目标中起着关键的作用. 马来西亚的建设蓝图称为 “视野2020”, 政府将致力于全方位建设马来, 包括国家统一, 社会和谐, 经济, 司法, 政治稳定, 政府体制, 生活水平, 社会价值和精神价值, 国家荣誉感和信任感. 马来政府不断为青年发展提供基金和支持, 表明政府对青年的关注和培育。
　　马来对青年的定义
　　《马来青年发展政策》定义青年为15到40岁之间的个人，这就囊括了1010万人口，占全国2500万人口的45%. 这个政策进一步细分, 规定支持青年发展的项目和活动应主要针对18岁到25岁之间的青年 (青年与体育发展部, 1997年)。
　　马来青年的发展
　　马来已经建立了鼓励青年积极参与自身发展和国家发展的机制, 很多组织和团队参与了这项事业, 其中最主要的三家机构是: 青年与体育发展部, 马来西亚青年会和全国青年顾问委员会。

马来制定了很多不同的青年发展策略和计划, 一直实行到目前. 自从1957年独立以来, 青年的发展就成为了政府的主要工作之一. 1997年颁布的《马来青年发展政策》明确规定了青年在国家决策过程中的地位和阐述了赋予青年权利的重要意义。
　　从给青年提供发展机会到维护他们的权益, 从非正式的咨询到严肃的决策, 赋予青年权利需要贯彻始终. 这包括能力的培养, 青年的权力, 青年的职责, 自主性, 参与性发展, 而最根本的是青年的发展. 1996年在制定第七个五年计划的时候，马来第一次把 “青年发展” 作为独立的章节包括进了计划, 这是马来青年发展的一个里程碑. 青年发展的重点是, 训练青年的技能, 让他们能够更好的参与到国家建设中来，为国家建设作出更大的贡献, 同时也培养他们的领导才能, 在他们中间普及积极的价值观. 青年发展的目标是, 培养一代有知识，有技能，有纪律，富有领导才能和素质, 具有高尚品质的青年。
　　马来是个独特的多民族国家, 包括马来人，华人和印度人三个主要的民族. 国家的多民族性对国家的统一和稳定是一个挑战, 但这同时也是一个增强国家团结稳定的良机. 国家的多民族性也为充分了解青年带来了挑战. 但是我们坚信, 听取青年人的意见, 分享他们的观点, 知识和思想, 是制订公众政策, 取得优良成果所离不开的。
　　马来政府和非政府组织的经验已经证明, 为青年创造发挥才能的环境，向他们提供发展的空间和机会，他们就能为国家的发展建设作出杰出的贡献。青年发展的机制包括政府, 民间组织, 和国家机构。
　　青年和体育发展部
　　青年和体育发展部的前身为文化,青年和体育发展部, 成立于1964年。 其主要职能是, 通过其为全国青年顾问委员会主席的地位, 制订青年发展政策, 并负责政策的落实。

　　青年和体育发展部的领导职位由三位国会成员担任: 一位部长，一位副部长, 和一位国会秘书。这个部有一位秘书长，一位副秘书长, 其他职员为行政和外交官员. 这个部分为以下几个部门: 青年处, 体育处, 技能培训处和青年联盟. 每一个部门由一位副处长或同级别的官员领导. 下面我们着重介绍青年处。
　　青年处由以下部门组成:
　　青年经济发展科
　　青年民间组织发展科
　　青年领导才能培训科
　　青年和体育发展部在国会由国家青年和体育发展部的理事为代表, 而在地方上, 则有地区青年和体育发展官员。
　　马来西亚青年会
　　马来西亚青年会负责掌管全国的青年组织, 成立于1948年7月23日，有大约300万会员, 40个分属组织。
　　马来西亚青年会致力于把马来青年培养为德智体全面发展的社会栋梁. 青年会视青年为人民，宗教和国家取得进步的动力，所以大力提倡青年的责任感, 独立性, 志愿精神和爱国精神。
　　青年会的目标是以“视野2020” 为指导方针, 努力实现《马来青年发展政策》制定的目标。
　　青年会的工作重点是, 认识青年的需要, 解决青年的困难, 提升青年的社会地位。
　　青年会的主要目标是, 建立青年和谐全面发展的机制, 为国家的发展奠定基础, 并反思青年运动的发展, 树立鲜明的马来青年形象。
　　青年会通过提倡理想, 行动和智识来增强青年组织的作用, 以实现其目标. 青年会也提倡在青年发展和国家发展的进程中不断探索开发新的领域, 在青年中提高志愿服务的精神。
　　青年参与旅游与文化的计划和项目
　　1.培训青年志愿者到马来主要的旅游地点向游客提供帮助。
　　2.向青年提供技术培训, 职业培训, 宾馆和旅游方面的课程。
　　3.组织青年交流项目, 让马来青年走出国门, 去认识不同的文化, 同时也向世界宣传民族众多、文化多元的马来西亚。
　　4.增进马来青年组织与其他国家青年组织的沟通与了解, 加强马来青年组织与他国青年组织的联系。
　　5.鼓励青年出游, 为他们提供旅游机会, 让他们对国家的文化遗产有更多的了解。
　　6.增进青年对保护国家文化重要性的认识，提高他们的保护意识。
　　7.在青年中普及文化活动, 让他们把文化活动当作生活的一部分。
　　8.作为多民族国家，马来可以把对文化的追求作为促进民族团结的渠道, 在青年中普及爱国主义精神。
　　9.鼓励青年积极学习民族风俗习惯和传统，学习当地不同民族的文化。
　　10.鼓励青年参加国际性的青年活动, 比如东南亚青年航海活动。
　　发展青年, 旅游和文化的益处
　　1.为青年创造就业机会，为社区增加收入。
　　2.改进社区设施, 提高社区服务质量。
　　3.发展社会经济，提高人民的生活质量。
　　4.培养青年的领导才干。
　　5.让各国青年更好的认识马来。
　　2007马来观光年
　　2007马来观光年是马来举办的第三次观光年活动, 事隔上一届十多年. 这次活动的主题是宣传马来是世界上一个重要的旅游胜地。
　　观光年的一整年都会有各式各样的活动，吸引游客在马来停留更长的时间，以此来增加马来的旅游收入。
　　观光年也会刺激国内的旅游市场. 很多计划和活动已经出台，其中之一是 “世界, 马来欢迎您”. 2007马来观光年恰逢马来独立50周年, 这更增加了这次观光年活动的特殊性。
　　体育旅游
　　体育和旅游使人们齐聚一堂, 增进人们之间的情谊. 这样的活动使得世界缩小, 增进不同文化之间的相互了解和相互宽容, 最终促进世界的和平。
　　体育和旅游是相辅相成的. 体育和旅游有相同的目的, 就是在不同的文化，生活方式和传统之间架起理解的桥梁; 增进各国间的和平与友谊; 给人们提供动力和灵感。
　　总结
　　马来西亚计划到2020年建设成为发达国家, 而马来西亚青年在实现这个宏伟目标中起着关键的作用. 马来西亚的建设蓝图称为 “视野2020”, 政府将致力于全方位建设马来, 包括国家统一, 社会和谐, 经济, 司法, 政治稳定, 政府体制, 生活水平, 社会价值和精神价值, 国家荣誉感和信任感。为了保证青年发展计划的实施, 已经加强了相关机构的管理和执行能力. 还需要不断扩大青年组织的作用, 特别是在青年中普及志愿服务的精神. 青年组织要鼓励青年积极为国家统一, 经济发展和社会政治稳定而不懈努力, 同时保护民族文化遗产, 捍卫国家的安全。

MALAYSIAN PAPER
CHINA-ASEAN YOUTH FORUM 2006
Azizuddin Ahmad             
Assistant Director of National Youth Council, Malaysia

Background
The youth of Malaysia have a critical role to play in the country's efforts to  achieve the status of a fully developed country by the year 2020. Malaysia's futuristic development plan, known as Vision 2020, aims to develop all aspects of the country including national unity, social cohesion, economy, social justice,
political stability, system of government, quality of life, social and spiritual values and national pride and confidence. The Malaysian national government has demonstrated its commitment to youth through an increase in funds and support for youth development.
Definition of Youth In Malaysia
The National Youth Development Policy of Malaysia defines youth as people aged between 15 and 40 years which comprise 10.1 million or 45 percent of the total  25 million Malaysian population. It stipulates further that the main focus of youth development programmes and activities in the country should be young people aged 18 to 25 years (MOYS 1997).
Youth Development In Malaysia
It was mentioned that the structures and mechanisms to advocate youth participation in development are already in place. There are many concerned groups involved. However, three of the major institutions are mainly the Ministry of Youth and Sports (MYS), The Malaysian Youth Council (MYC) and The National Youth Consultative Council (NYCC).
Various development strategies and programmes were implemented in the past and are still continuously conducted at the present time. Youth development has always been a major agenda of the government of Malaysia since independence in 1957. The final text of the Malaysian Youth Development policy in 1997 states very clearly the role of Youth as partners in decision making and emphasis the importance of empowering the youth.
Youth empowerment is itself viewed as a continuous process; from youth opportunity to youth right, and from informal consultation to formal decision making. This include “capacity building”, “youth right”, “youth responsibility”, “autonomy”, “participative development”, and the bottom line is development. A milestone was created in 1996 for the first time in the history of the five-year Malaysia Plans, a specific chapter on youth was included in the seventh Malaysia Plan entitled “Youth Development”. The thrust of youth development is to provide youths with necessary skills to increase their participation and contribution to nation building as well as develop their leadership qualities and to inculcate positive values among them. The aim is to develop a generation of youth who are educated, skilled, disciplined and imbued with leadership skill and qualities with high moral values.
Malaysia is unique in terms of the multiracial population with 3 main races which are Malay, Chinese and Indian. This poses a challenge and at the same time its creates opportunities to strengthen the country's unity and stability. In this situation it becomes a challenge for those concern to adequately understand the youth. However, we believe that consulting young people and sharing their perceptions, knowledge and ideas are essential to the development of public policy and achievement of positive outcomes.
Action taken within the government setting and non governmental organizations in Malaysia offer evidence on the highest profile initiatives to create the environment to facilitate and provide avenues and opportunities for youth to contribute significantly towards development and nation building. The structures and mechanisms in place involve the government, NGO and the civil structure outfits.
The Ministry of Youth and Sports (MOYS)
The Ministry of Youth and Sports (MOYS), formerly the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports, was established in 1964. The Ministry's main function is to contribute to the development of youth policy, through its  position as chair of the NYCC, and to serve as the policy's key  implementation body.
The Ministry's political leaderships is provided by three Members of Parliament: a Minister, a Deputy Minister, and a Parliamentary Secretary. The Ministry has a Secretary General, a Deputy Secretary General, and Officers from the administrative and the diplomatic corps. The divisions of the Ministry are the Youth Division, the Sports Division, Skill Developement Division and Rakan Muda (Youth Partner) Division. Each headed by a Deputy Director General or equivalent. We will focus on the Youth Division.
The Youth Division consists of the following departments:
 Youth Economic Development Sector;
 Youth NGO Development Department; and
* Youth Leadership Development Sector.
At the state level, the MOYS is represented by the Director of the State Youth and Sports Department. District Youth and Sports Officers are also present at the local level.
The Malaysian Youth Council (MYC)
The Malaysian Youth Council (MYC) is the national umbrella body for youth organisations in Malaysia. The council was established on July 23, 1948. It has three million members in 40 affiliates.
MYC aims to instil in Malaysian youths an integrated character in terms of mind, body and spirit. It also promotes responsibility, independence, volunteerism and patriotism as youths are the protagonists towards the progress and prosperity of the people, religion and nation.
Its aim is to achieve the objectives of the National Youth Development Policy in accordance with Vision 2020.
The MYC focuses on the demands of youths to be heard, their issues to be addressed and their roles upgraded.
Its main target is to establish integrated and inter-sectoral youth development to determine national development and to revive the youth movement to build a strong Malaysian youth identity.
MYC achieves its targets by strengthening youth organisations through idealism, activism and intellectualism. It also encourages the exploration of new fields in youth and national development and heightens the spirit of volunteerism among youths.
Planning and Programs For Youth in Tourism and Culture.
1.Train youth to be volunteers to assist tourist ini major tourist destinations  ini Malaysia.
2.Provide skills ini technical, vocational, hotel and tourism courses for youth.
3.Organise  Youth Exchange Program to promote Malaysia to the world. Youth will be exposed to other cultures and also promoting in Malaysia as a multi-racial and multi cultural hub.
4.Create better understanding and strengten the networking between Malaysian youth organizations with those of other countries.
5.Encourage and make travel more accessible for youth in order to promote them greater appreciation of the cultural heritage.
6.Create awareness among youth on the importance of preservation of the respective cultural demminations in the country.
7.Promoting cultural activities as an acceptable way of life.
8.As a multi-racial country, cultural pursuits can be the vehicle for the promotion of the unity and to unculcate patriotic values among youth.
9.Encourage youth to study the customs, traditions and local culture of different and variety ethnic groups.
10.Allowing youth to participate in specific international youth programs such as The South East Asia Youth Ship Program.
Benefits from Youth, Tourism and Culture Development;
1.Create job opportunities for youth and additional income for community members.
2.Improved community facilities and services
3.Enhance the quality of life through social and economic developement.
4.To foster leadership developement among youth.
5.To enhance the image of the nation among youth of various countries.
The Visit Malaysia Year (VMY) 2007
The Visit Malaysia Year (VMY) 2007, the third such event to be held after more than a decade, aims to aggressively market and promote the country as a major international tourist destination.
 With various events held throughout the year, tourists are encouraged to stay longer, thus increasing their expenditures as well.
 It will also stimulate the growth of domestic tourism in Malaysia. Many programs and activities are planned, among them is "Malaysia Welcomes the World".
VMY 2007 will be more special as it will coincide with Malaysia's 50th years of independence.
Sports Tourism
Sports and tourism activities bring people together and help build up strong personal relationships. In this way they are making the world a smaller place  contributing to greater understanding and tolerance among cultures and ultimately to world peace.
The two factors are very interrelated and complementary. Sports and tourism share common goals, which build bridges of understanding among cultures, lifestyles and traditions; promoting peace and goodwill among nations; motivating and inspiring people.
Conclusion
The youth of Malaysia have a critical role to play in the country's effort to achieve the status of a fully developed country by the year 2020. Malaysia's development plan, known as Vision 2020, aims to develop all aspects of the country including national unity, social cohesion, economy, social justice, political stability, system of government, quality of life, social and spiritual values and national pride and confidence. Efforts have been made to strengthen the management and implementation capacity of public sector agencies responsible for youth development in order to ensure that programmes are effectively implemented. The role of youth organizations is to be broadened, particularly to promote the spirit of voluntarism among youth. Youth organizations would be entrusted to mobilize youth to fulfil the objectives of national unity and economic and socio-political stability while concurrently preserving the cultural heritage and maintaining national security.